Search Results (List)

Dataset: All Collections
Taxa: Cronquistianthus
Search Criteria: excluding cultivated/captive occurrences
1
Page 1, records 1-94 of 94

Herbario Loja Reinaldo Espinosa

UNL:UNL-H
554Lis Ellemann   916261989-03-02
Ecuador, Loja, -3.4 -79.2333, 2600m
UNL:UNL-H
5314Lis Ellemann   916581989-03-02
Ecuador, Loja, -3.4 -79.2333, 2600m
UNL:UNL-H
12270Peter Møller Jørgensen   1631994-04-13
Ecuador, Loja, Paltas, -4.0567 -79.8947, 2700m
UNL:UNL-H
14563Reinaldo Espinosa Aguilar   4731946-06-01
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, -4.1711 -79.1822, 2250m
UNL:UNL-H
Cronquistianthus loxensis R.M. King & H. Rob.
10340Peter Møller Jørgensen   6961994-05-02
Ecuador, Loja, Saraguro, -3.5989 -79.3133, 2910m
UNL:UNL-H
Cronquistianthus loxensis R.M. King & H. Rob.
12240B. Øllgaard   742231988-05-15
Ecuador, Loja, 2675m
UNL:UNL-H
Cronquistianthus loxensis R.M. King & H. Rob.
12262Peter Møller Jørgensen   161994-04-10
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, -4.0189 -79.2447, 2340m
UNL:UNL-H
Cronquistianthus niveus R.M. King & H. Rob.
2214Dalton Quizhpe   140332014-09-20
Ecuador, Loja, 2509m
UNL:UNL-H
Cronquistianthus origanoides R.M. King & H. Rob.
1098Dennis H. Knight   7951965-07-10
Ecuador, Loja, -4.0111 -79.0375, 2400m

Herbario Nacional del Ecuador QCNE

QCNE:HerbarioEcuador
95598Peter Møller Jørgensen   1631994-04-13
Ecuador, Loja, Cerro de Celica. Celica-Guachanamá, Km 14-18. Roadside hedges and shrubby vegetation., -4.0567 -79.8947, 2700m
QCNE:HerbarioEcuador
57815Peter Møller Jørgensen   921391990-07-25
Ecuador, Loja, Guachanamá - Cerro Guachaurcu, km 0 - 6. Secondary forest and shrubby páramo., -4.0333 -79.8667, 2800 - 3050m
QCNE:HerbarioEcuador
Cronquistianthus leucophyllus R.M. King & H. Rob.
57136Peter Møller Jørgensen   92036A1990-07-22
Ecuador, Loja, Loja - La Toma, new road at La Virgen. Secondary forest and Machia vegetation., -3.95 -79.2833, 2500m
QCNE:HerbarioEcuador
Cronquistianthus leucophyllus R.M. King & H. Rob.
95127Peter Møller Jørgensen   161994-04-10
Ecuador, Loja, Cerro Villonaco. Loja-Pedestal-La Toma, Km 8. Old road Loja-La Toma. Hedges and pastures shrubby vegetation with trees to approximately 8 m., -4.0189 -79.2447, 2340m
QCNE:HerbarioEcuador
Cronquistianthus leucophyllus R.M. King & H. Rob.
95682Peter Møller Jørgensen   6961994-05-02
Ecuador, Loja, Cerro de Chilla. Saraguro-Manú, Km 26.3. Shrubby vegetation., -3.5989 -79.3133, 2910m
QCNE:HerbarioEcuador
Cronquistianthus leucophyllus R.M. King & H. Rob.
136443Benjamin Øllgaard   742231988-05-14
Ecuador, Loja, Road from Nudo de Cajanuma to the gate of Parque Nacional Podocarpus., -4.0833 -79.1833, 2600 - 2750m
QCNE:HerbarioEcuador
Cronquistianthus leucophyllus R.M. King & H. Rob.
8399Hendrik Hessel Van der Werff   92051987-04-30
Ecuador, Loja, Entrance road to Parque Nacional Podocarpus, about 2 km before the gate. Disturbed, low forest., -4.3833 -79.1167, 2600m
QCNE:HerbarioEcuador
Cronquistianthus loxensis R.M. King & H. Rob.
218582Carlos Aedo   131362006-07-24
Ecuador, Loja, Catamayo, Vía Loja-Chuquiribamba, remanente de bosque nublado andino, -3.946944 -79.27, 2500m

Herbario Plantas Vasculares

UTPL:HUTPL
Cronquistianthus niveus R.M. King & H. Rob.
4067889069K. Mera;R. Sinche   2005-11-19
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, La Violeta, -4.048189 -79.227323
UTPL:HUTPL
Cronquistianthus niveus R.M. King & H. Rob.
4067888994K. Mera;R. Sinche   2006-05-26
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, La Violeta, -4.047566 -79.227468
UTPL:HUTPL
Cronquistianthus niveus R.M. King & H. Rob.
4067887434F. Tinitana;I. Chamba   2005-10-11
Ecuador, Loja, Gonzanamá, Purunuma, -4.210815 -79.391808

Herbario QCA

QCA:QCA-Plantas
Image Associated With the Occurence
Cronquistianthus R.M. King & H. Rob.
QCA149978J. Jaramillo   72751984-09-06
Ecuador, Loja, Desconocido, Carreterra Saraguro Tente localidad de colección en el cerro Pichanga., -3.6 -79.2
QCA:QCA-Plantas
Image Associated With the Occurence
Cronquistianthus R.M. King & H. Rob.
QCA149981J. Jaramillo   B53731983-07-30
Ecuador, Loja, Desconocido, Carretera Cuenca, San Joaquín, Angas, SO de Cuenca, colecciones entre Bayán y hacienda Pucán., -2.88333 -79.3333
QCA:QCA-Plantas
Cronquistianthus R.M. King & H. Rob.
4069067846Quintana, C.   44162017-06-09
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, Sucre, -4.0483 -79.2068
QCA:QCA-Plantas
Image Associated With the Occurence
QCA149980P.M. Jĝrgensen   921391990-07-25
Ecuador, Loja, Desconocido, Guachanamá; Cerro Guachamaná, km 0 al 6., -4.03333 -79.8667
QCA:QCA-Plantas
Image Associated With the Occurence
QCA17372L. Ellemann   667781989-01-13
Ecuador, Loja, Desconocido, Jera, 9 km north of Saraguro. Information of vernacular name and use: MarÌe Christine Bermeo, Saraguro-indian., -3.56667 -79.2333
QCA:QCA-Plantas
Image Associated With the Occurence
QCA17373L. Ellemann   916581989-03-02
Ecuador, Loja, Desconocido, Jera 10 km north-east of Saraguro. Information of local name and use: MarÌe Christine Bermeo, Saraguro-indian., -3.4 -79.2333
QCA:QCA-Plantas
Image Associated With the Occurence
QCA17374P.M. Jĝrgensen   1631994-04-13
Ecuador, Loja, Desconocido, Cerro de Celica. Celica to Guachanamá, km 14 to 18., -4.05667 -79.8947
QCA:QCA-Plantas
Image Associated With the Occurence
Cronquistianthus leucophyllus R.M. King & H. Rob.
QCA149976P.M. Jĝrgensen   161994-04-10
Ecuador, Loja, Desconocido, Cerro Villonaco. Loja, Pedernales, La Toma; km 8. Old road Loja to La Toma., -4.01889 -79.2447
QCA:QCA-Plantas
Image Associated With the Occurence
Cronquistianthus leucophyllus R.M. King & H. Rob.
QCA156430P.M. Jĝrgensen   6961994-05-02
Ecuador, Loja, Desconocido, Cerro de Chilla. Saraguro Manu, km 26,3., -3.59889 -79.3133
QCA:QCA-Plantas
Image Associated With the Occurence
Cronquistianthus niveus R.M. King & H. Rob.
QCA17376R. Espinosa   3471946-05-07
Ecuador, Loja, Desconocido, Cajanuma. al S de Loja, -4.08333 -79.1667
QCA:QCA-Plantas
Image Associated With the Occurence
Cronquistianthus niveus R.M. King & H. Rob.
QCA17378A. Jiménez   1202002-07-10
Ecuador, Loja, Desconocido, Cantón Loja, Microcuenca Rumishitana; sector Cajanuma, -4.10028 -79.1881

Plantae Gbif

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
1261302347W. Jameson   Jameson s.n.
Ecuador, Loja, Sin dato
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
1261283444P.M. Jørgensen;Carmen Ulloa;Homero Vargas;Abendaño   1631994-04-13
Ecuador, Loja, Paltas, Cerro de Celica. Celica-Guachanamá, Km 14-18. Roadside hedges and shrubby vegetation., -4.05666 -79.89472
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
1260114436Benkt Sparre   162571967-05-16
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, Cerro Villonaco, 20 km W Loja, on road to Catamayo, mountain shrub forest, -3.94 -79.26
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
1259993903P.M. Jørgensen|Carmen Ulloa|Mauricio Gavilanes   Jørgensen 921391990-07-25
Ecuador, Loja, Sin dato, Guachanamá - Cerro Guachaurcu, km 0 - 6. Secondary forest and shrubby páramo., -4.03333 -79.86666
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
1259970950L. Ellemann   667781989-01-13
Ecuador, Loja, Saraguro, Jera, 9 km north of Saraguro. Information of vernacular name and use: Maríe Christine Bermeo, Saraguro-indian., -3.56666 -79.23333
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
1259955425L. Ellemann   916581989-03-02
Ecuador, Azuay, Nabón, Jera 10 km north-east of Saraguro. Information of local name and use: Maríe Christine Bermeo, Saraguro-indian., -3.4 -79.23333
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
1096801095Gunnar Harling   59901959-07-20
Flora aequatoriensis, prov. Loxa, Loxa, road to La Toma, km 16
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
1096666309Benkt Sparre   162571967-05-16
Prov. Loja: Cerro Villonaco, 20 km W Loja, along the road to Catomayo, mountain shrub forest. Iter Regnellianum nonum. Flora aequadoriensis.
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
47751700P.M. Jorgensen   1990-07-25
Ecuador, Loja, Paltas, Guachanamá - Cerro Guachaurcu, km 0 - 6. Secondary forest and shrubby páramo., -4.033 -79.866
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
47751634L. Ellemann   1989-03-02
Ecuador, Azuay, Nabón, Jera 10 km north-east of Saraguro. Information of local name and use: Maríe Christine Bermeo, Saraguro-indian., -3.4 -79.233
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
47751633L. Ellemann   1989-03-02
Ecuador, Azuay, Nabón, Jera 10 km north-east of Saraguro. Information of local name and use: Maríe Christine Bermeo, Saraguro-indian., -3.4 -79.233
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
47751624L. Ellemann   1989-01-13
Ecuador, Loja, Saraguro, Jera, 9 km north of Saraguro. Information of vernacular name and use: Maríe Christine Bermeo, Saraguro-indian., -3.566 -79.233
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
1456101112P. M. Jørgensen, C. Ulloa, H. Vargas & G. Abendaño   1631994-04-13
Ecuador, Loja, Paltas, Loja. Cerro de Celica. Celica-Guachanamá, Km 14-18, -4.0567 -79.8947
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
1456056508L. Ellemann   916261989-03-02
Ecuador, Azuay, Nabón, Province Loja. Jera 10 km north-east of Saraguro, -3.4 -79.23
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
1455988744P. M. Jørgensen, C. Ulloa & M. Gavilanes   921391990-07-25
Ecuador, Loja, Paltas, Province: Loja. Guachanamá - Cerro Guachaurcu, km 0-6, -4.03 -79.87
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
4077763954Peter Møller Jørgensen   1631994-04-13
Ecuador, Loja, Paltas, -4.0567 -79.8947
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
4077763805Peter Møller Jørgensen   1631994-04-13
Ecuador, Loja, Paltas, -4.0567 -79.8947
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
4077752886Reinaldo Espinosa Aguilar   4731946-06-01
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, -4.1711 -79.1822
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
4464623708Francisco Vivar Castro   42821994-06-25
Ecuador, Loja, Saraguro, -3.5667 -79.45
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
4464619614Francisco Vivar Castro   17181983-03-31
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, -3.8414 -79.3561
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus leucophyllus R.M. King & H. Rob.
1261298445H. van der Werff;Walter A. Palacios   92051987-04-30
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, Entrance road to Parque Nacional Podocarpus, about 2 km before the gate. Disturbed, low forest., -4.38333 -79.11666
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus leucophyllus R.M. King & H. Rob.
1261295721Benjamin Øllgaard;Jens E. Madsen;Lars J. Christensen   742231988-05-14
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, Road from Nudo de Cajanuma to the gate of Parque Nacional Podocarpus., -4.08333 -79.18333
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus leucophyllus R.M. King & H. Rob.
1261283997P.M. Jørgensen;Carmen Ulloa;Homero Vargas;Abendaño   6961994-05-02
Ecuador, Loja, Saraguro, Cerro de Chilla. Saraguro-Manú, Km 26.3. Shrubby vegetation., -3.59888 -79.31333
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus leucophyllus R.M. King & H. Rob.
1261282772P.M. Jørgensen;Carmen Ulloa;Homero Vargas   161994-04-10
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, Cerro Villonaco. Loja-Pedestal-La Toma, Km 8. Old road Loja-La Toma. Hedges and pastures shrubby vegetation with trees to approximately 8 m., -4.01888 -79.24472
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus leucophyllus R.M. King & H. Rob.
1260720452Gunnar Wilhelm Harling;Lennart Andersson   185381980-00-00
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, Malacatos Road, km 15, secondary scrub., -4.2333 -79.28333
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus leucophyllus R.M. King & H. Rob.
1260114420Benkt Sparre   162651967-05-16
Ecuador, Loja, Catamayo, Cerro Villonaco, 20 km W Loja, along the road to Catamayo, mountain shrub forest., -3.98333 -79.35
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus leucophyllus R.M. King & H. Rob.
1260114160Benkt Sparre   160401967-05-14
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, Nudo de Cajanuma, ca. 6 km S Loja, shrub forest., -4.1 -79.2
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus leucophyllus R.M. King & H. Rob.
1259993627P.M. Jørgensen|Carmen Ulloa|Mauricio Gavilanes   Jørgensen 92036A1990-07-22
Ecuador, Loja, Sin dato, Loja - La Toma, new road at La Virgen. Secondary forest and Machia vegetation., -3.95 -79.28333
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus leucophyllus R.M. King & H. Rob.
1096801105Gunnar Harling   57011959-07-09
Flora aequatoriensis, prov. Loxa, Loxa, road to La Toma
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus leucophyllus R.M. King & H. Rob.
1096801100Gunnar Harling   15991947-07-12
Flora of Ecuador, prov. Loja, Loja
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus leucophyllus R.M. King & H. Rob.
1096801087Gunnar Harling   59931959-07-20
Flora aequatoriensis, prov. Loxa, Loxa, road to La Toma, km 16
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus leucophyllus R.M. King & H. Rob.
1096666343Benkt Sparre   162651967-05-16
Prov. Loja: Cerro Villonaco, 20 km W Loja, along the road to Catomayo, mountain shrub forest. Iter Regnellianum nonum. Flora aequadoriensis.
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus leucophyllus R.M. King & H. Rob.
1096666311Benkt Sparre   160401967-05-14
Prov. Loja: Nudo de Cajanuma,ca. 6 km S Loja, shrub forest. Iter Regnellianum nonum. Flora aequadoriensis.
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus leucophyllus R.M. King & H. Rob.
215986229J. Jaramillo   1980-09-16
Carretera Saraguro - Tenta, colecciones en borde del carretero, bosque secundario, campo abierto, pajonal y cienegas, suelo con terreno humifero y rojo
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus leucophyllus R.M. King & H. Rob.
47751698P.M. Jorgensen   1990-07-22
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, Loja - La Toma, new road at ""La Virgen"". Secondary forest and Machia vegetation., -3.95 -79.283
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus leucophyllus R.M. King & H. Rob.
758578Hartweg   1842-00-00
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, Loja, -3.99 -79.204444
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus leucophyllus R.M. King & H. Rob.
1456277022B. Øllgaard, J. E. Madsen & L. Christensen   742231984-05-14
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, Province Loja. Road from Nudo de Cajanuma to the gate of Parque Nacional Podocarpus, -4.08 -79.18
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Image Associated With the Occurence
Cronquistianthus leucophyllus R.M. King & H. Rob.
1456210428H. van der Werff & W. Palacios   92051987-04-30
Prov. Loja: Entrance road to Parque Nacional Podocarpus, about 2 km before the gate
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus leucophyllus R.M. King & H. Rob.
1456144999G. Harling & L. Andersson   185381980-04-23
Loja: Loja-Malacatos Road, Km 15, secondary scrub
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Image Associated With the Occurence
Cronquistianthus leucophyllus R.M. King & H. Rob.
1456080790P. Jørgensen, C. Ulloa & H. Vargas   161994-04-10
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, Loja. Cerro Villonaco. Loja-Pedestal-La Toma, Km 8. Old road Loja-La Toma, -4.0189 -79.2447
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus leucophyllus R.M. King & H. Rob.
1456067787P. Jørgensen, C. Ulloa, H. Vargas & G. Abendaño   6961994-05-02
Ecuador, Loja, Saraguro, Loja. Cerro de Chilla. Saraguro-Manú, km 26.3, -3.5989 -79.3133
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus leucophyllus R.M. King & H. Rob.
1455944477P. M. Jørgensen, C. Ulloa & M. Gavilanes   92036A1990-07-22
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, Province: Loja. Loja - La Toma, new road at "La Virgen", -3.95 -79.28
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus leucophyllus R.M. King & H. Rob.
4061833908H. van der Werff;Walter A. Palacios   92051987-04-30
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, Entrance road to Parque Nacional Podocarpus, about 2 km before the gate. Disturbed, low forest., -4.38333 -79.11666
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus loxensis R.M. King & H. Rob.
47750976B. Ollgaard   1984-05-14
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, Road from Nudo de Cajanuma to the gate of Parque Nacional Podocarpus., -4.083 -79.183
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus loxensis R.M. King & H. Rob.
4077769089Peter Møller Jørgensen   6961994-05-02
Ecuador, Loja, Saraguro, -3.5989 -79.3133
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus loxensis R.M. King & H. Rob.
4077764015B. Øllgaard   742231988-05-15
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, -4.083333 -79.1833
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus loxensis R.M. King & H. Rob.
4077763907Peter Møller Jørgensen   161994-04-10
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, -4.0189 -79.2447
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus niveus R.M. King & H. Rob.
1260410214Carlos Aedo;L. Gutiérrez;Carmen Ulloa   131362006-07-24
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, Vía Loja-Chuquiribamba, remanente de bosque nublado andino, -3.94694 -79.27
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus niveus R.M. King & H. Rob.
4077761391Dalton Quizhpe   140332014-09-20
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, -3.967333 -79.263583
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus niveus R.M. King & H. Rob.
4077752945Reinaldo Espinosa Aguilar   3011946-05-04
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, -4.0336 -79.2067
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus niveus R.M. King & H. Rob.
4077752882Reinaldo Espinosa Aguilar   4721946-06-01
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, -4.0378 -79.1822
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus niveus R.M. King & H. Rob.
4067889069K. Mera;R. Sinche   2005-11-19
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, La Violeta, -4.048189 -79.227323
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus niveus R.M. King & H. Rob.
4067888994K. Mera;R. Sinche   2006-05-26
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, La Violeta, -4.047566 -79.227468
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus niveus R.M. King & H. Rob.
4067887434F. Tinitana;I. Chamba   2005-10-11
Ecuador, Loja, Gonzanamá, Purunuma, -4.210815 -79.391808
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus niveus R.M. King & H. Rob.
4464627429C. Aedo   131362006-07-24
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, -3.9469 -79.27
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus niveus R.M. King & H. Rob.
4464623232Alexandra Jiménez   1202002-07-10
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, -4.1003 -79.1881
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus niveus R.M. King & H. Rob.
4464621866Francisco Vivar Castro   27591986-05-30
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, -4.0336 -79.2067
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus niveus R.M. King & H. Rob.
4464621558Anne Macey   26
Ecuador, Loja, Quilanga, -4.296986 -79.400753
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus niveus R.M. King & H. Rob.
4077758746A. Garmendia   4921995-10-06
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, -3.9958 -79.2561
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus origanoides R.M. King & H. Rob.
1258300393Dennis H. Knight   7951965-07-10
Ecuador, Zamora Chinchipe, Zamora, 4 km south of Loja, -4.01111 -79.0375
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Image Associated With the Occurence
1260671331Jaime L. Jaramillo   8841
km 67 de Saraguro, localidad entre susdel y El Progrese vegetacion representativa de Myrica, Escallonia, Gynoxis, Vallea, Lomantia, Embothrium, etc
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
1456111278J. Jaramillo, V. Zak & R. Valencia   8841
Prov: Loja. Km 67 de Saraguro, localidad entre Susudel y El Progreso
Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Cronquistianthus rosei R.M. King & H. Rob.
1261302445Joseph N. Rose;A. Pachano;George Rose   231621918-09-27
Protected due to name conservation status
1
Page 1, records 1-94 of 94

Map

The maps feature provides users an interactive map that can pan (by dragging the mouse) and zoom (by using the mouse wheel). Collection points are displayed as colored markers that when clicked on, displays the full information for that collection. When multiple species are queried (separated by semi-colons), different colored markers denote each individual species.

KML

This creates an KML file for use in Google Earth or any other application using KML files.
Add Extra Fields