Search Results (List)

Dataset: All Collections
Taxa: Chromolaena
Search Criteria: excluding cultivated/captive occurrences

12
Page 1, records 1-100 of 112

Herbario Loja Reinaldo Espinosa


UNL:UNL-H
496Jens Elgaard Madsen   754961988-10-25
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, -4.0833 -79.1667, 2800m

UNL:UNL-H
39754Jorge Iván Armijos Ramón   442008-05-31
Ecuador, Loja, Paltas, -4.0027 -79.7547, 1130m

UNL:UNL-H
39910Jorge Iván Armijos Ramón   1092008-06-14
Ecuador, Loja, Paltas, -4.0074 -79.7678, 1254m

UNL:UNL-H
40976Vicente Bolivar Merino   47291995-12-19
Ecuador, Zamora Chinchipe, 2300m

UNL:UNL-H
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
472B. Øllgaard   747661988-06-13
Ecuador, Zamora Chinchipe, -4.0667 -78.95, 1150m

UNL:UNL-H
Chromolaena odorata R.M. King & H. Rob.
13506Edgar Gudiño   12561991-02-05
Ecuador, Imbabura, San Miguel de Urcuquí, -0.8333 -78.25

UNL:UNL-H
Chromolaena roseorum R.M. King & H. Rob.
333Francisco Vivar Castro   33581989-05-10
Ecuador, Zamora Chinchipe, -4.2814 -79.5403, 1150m

UNL:UNL-H
Chromolaena roseorum R.M. King & H. Rob.
334Francisco Vivar Castro   33971989-05-12
Ecuador, Loja

UNL:UNL-H
Chromolaena roseorum R.M. King & H. Rob.
14574Reinaldo Espinosa Aguilar   5751946-06-21
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, -4.2167 -79.2333, 1600m

UNL:UNL-H
Chromolaena roseorum R.M. King & H. Rob.
39674Tobias Bustamante Neira   212009-05-05
Ecuador, Loja, Macará, -4.2162 -79.8937, 1060m

UNL:UNL-H
Chromolaena roseorum R.M. King & H. Rob.
39744Alexandra Jiménez   422002-06-05
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, -4.2336 -79.2131, 1650m

UNL:UNL-H
Chromolaena roseorum R.M. King & H. Rob.
39899A. Lajones   1022013-09-13
Ecuador, Esmeraldas, Esmeraldas, Mútile, 90m

UNL:UNL-H
Chromolaena roseorum R.M. King & H. Rob.
40478Reinaldo Espinosa Aguilar   15971947-07-11
Ecuador, Loja, Catamayo, -3.9381 -79.4103, 1800m

UNL:UNL-H
Chromolaena roseorum R.M. King & H. Rob.
40493Reinaldo Espinosa Aguilar   16571947-08-11
Ecuador, El Oro, 710m

UNL:UNL-H
Chromolaena roseorum R.M. King & H. Rob.
40916Francisco Vivar Castro   40791993-08-01
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, -4.1569 -79.1589

UNL:UNL-H
Chromolaena roseorum R.M. King & H. Rob.
40948Francisco Vivar Castro   43521994-08-20
Ecuador, El Oro

Herbario Nacional del Ecuador QCNE


QCNE:HerbarioEcuador
198135Jens Elgaard Madsen   79512001-05-11
Ecuador, Loja, Vicinity of Comunidades, app. 14 km S of Vilcabamba. Vertical cliffs with xerophytic vegetation close to river. Also secondary vegetation bordering agricultural fields., -4.3167 -79.2083, 1600m

QCNE:HerbarioEcuador
198140Jens Elgaard Madsen   79572001-05-11
Ecuador, Loja, Vicinity of Comunidades, app. 14 km S of Vilcabamba. Vertical cliffs with xerophytic vegetation close to river. Also secondary vegetation bordering agricultural fields., -4.3167 -79.2083, 1600m

QCNE:HerbarioEcuador
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
206587John Littner Clark   80442003-05-27
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, Vilcabamba. Cerro Mandango; 3-5 km east of the town Vilcabamba. Dry interandean valley, -4.25 -79.2167, 1600 - 1900m

QCNE:HerbarioEcuador
Chromolaena leptocephala R.M. King & H. Rob.
148934Alfonso Garmendia   14810000-00-00
Ecuador, Loja, Zamora-Huaicu. En la pista de la derecha de Zamora-Huaicu, en las laderas de la izquierda, enfrente de la puerta de la finca Madrigal del Carmen, 100m antes de llegar a las instalaciones del agua potable. Bosque secundario, en zona de potreros con bosquetes y setos en las partes m s pendientes. P: 62, -4.034444 -79.174444, 2220m

Herbario Plantas Vasculares


UTPL:HUTPL
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
4067892085R. Bussmann;S. Lange   28681997-12-12
Ecuador, Loja, Sozoranga, Bosque El Tundo cerca de Sozoranga, -4.333333 -79.816667

UTPL:HUTPL
Chromolaena roseorum R.M. King & H. Rob.
4067897461F. Tinitana;O. Cabrera, N. Cumbicus & A. Prina   572011-03-16
Ecuador, Loja, Catamayo, Estación 2, Alamala-Catamayo, -3.9675 -79.428056

UTPL:HUTPL
Chromolaena roseorum R.M. King & H. Rob.
4067890977A. Prina;F. Tinitana, O. Cabrera & N. Cumbicus   3422011-12-16
Ecuador, Loja, Gonzanamá, A 2.5 km del cruce a San Vicente del Rio, -4.098987 -79.547882

Herbario QCA


QCA:QCA-Plantas
Image Associated With the Occurence
QCA144961G. Harling   216381985-02-05
Ecuador, Loja, Desconocido, 4 to 6 km N of Yangana on road to Vilcabamba., -4.36667 -79.1667

QCA:QCA-Plantas
Image Associated With the Occurence
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
QCA144467R. Merrill   79531979-02-03
Ecuador, Loja, Desconocido, 20 km N of Cariamanga on the road to Gonzanama., -4.25 -79.1833

QCA:QCA-Plantas
Image Associated With the Occurence
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
QCA17138G. Harling   216661985-02-05
Ecuador, Loja, Desconocido, 4-6 Km N of Yangana on road to Vilcabamba., -4.36667 -79.1667

QCA:QCA-Plantas
Image Associated With the Occurence
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
QCA17139A. Jiménez   12002-05-18
Ecuador, Loja, Desconocido, Cantón Loja, Microcuenca Yamburara, sector Yamburara Alto., -4.25111 -79.1908

QCA:QCA-Plantas
Image Associated With the Occurence
Chromolaena roseorum R.M. King & H. Rob.
QCA17141A. Jiménez   422002-06-05
Ecuador, Loja, Desconocido, Cantón Loja, Microcuenca Uchima; sector Sacapo, -4.23361 -79.2131

QCA:QCA-Plantas
Image Associated With the Occurence
Chromolaena serratuloides R.M. King & H. Rob.
QCA17144R. Merrill   79011979-01-30
Ecuador, Loja, Desconocido, 9 km W of Catamayo on the road to Catacocha., -3.91667 -79.3667

Plantae Gbif


Gbif:Plantae Gbif
1260710275Gunnar Wilhelm Harling   271611993-03-17
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, Samanamaca ("Matanamaca") between Vilcabamba and Yangana, horse trail E of the village, secondary dry forest., -4.31 -79.2

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
1260709958Jeffrey A. Hart   7701977-07-12
Schrubby mountainside above Villcabamba. South of Loja.

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
1096801050G. Harling   271611993-03-17
Flora of Ecuador, Loja, Samanamaca ("Matanamaca") between Vilcabamba and Yangana, horse trail E of the village

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
47728353J.E. Madsen   2001-04-29
Ecuador, Loja, Catamayo, Rd. La Toma - El Tambo, km 10. Xerophytic vegetation with cacti., -4.046 -79.351

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
4077759402Jens Elgaard Madsen   754961988-10-25
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, -4 -79.1667

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
4464623277Jorge Iván Armijos Ramón   1092008-06-14
Ecuador, Loja, Paltas, -4.0074 -79.7678

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
4464621862Jorge Iván Armijos Ramón   442008-05-31
Ecuador, Loja, Paltas, -4.0027 -79.7547

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena haughtii R.M. King & H. Rob.
1261282455Gunnar Wilhelm Harling;Lennart Andersson   13330

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena haughtii R.M. King & H. Rob.
1260711283Gunnar Wilhelm Harling;Lennart Andersson   186151980-00-00
Road Catamayo(La Toma)--Gonzanamá, c. 30 km N of Gonzanamá, open thorn scrb.

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena haughtii R.M. King & H. Rob.
1096801014G. Harling & L. Andersson   224951985-02-24
Flora of Ecuador, Loja, road Celica-El Empalme, c. 12 km from Celica

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
1261285254L.B. Holm-Nielsen   227901980-04-04
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, Road Malacatos - El Tambo, km 8. Deciduous thorn scrub dominated of Mimosaceae and Ceiba., -4.18333 -79.28333

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
1261282331Robert M. King   6929

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
1260712563Robert M. King;Frank Almeda   79531979-00-00
20 km N of Cariamanga on the road to Gonzanama.

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
1260114282Benkt Sparre   161451967-05-14
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, Río Comunidades, Vailcabamba-Yangana, dry slopes along river, -4.31 -79.2

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
1259669412John L. Clark   80442003-05-27
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, Vilcabamba. Cerro Mandango; 3-5 km east of the town Vilcabamba. Dry interandean valley, -4.25 -79.216667

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
2268961088Gwilym P. Lewis   32741997-05-09
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, Vilcabamba-Yangana, km 7.7., -4.283333 -79.2

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
1096801045Gunnar Harling   61441959-07-29
Flora aequatoriensis, prov. Loxa, San Pedro to border of prov. El Oro, Zaruma road

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
1096801026Gunnar Harling   61341959-07-29
Flora aequatoriensis, prov. Loxa, between San Pedro and Zaruma

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
1096801023Gunnar Harling   60191959-07-21
Flora aequatoriensis, prov. Loxa, Cariamanga, road to Gouzanamá

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
1096667286Benkt Sparre   161451967-05-14
Prov. Loja: Rio Comunidades, between Vilcabamba and Yangana, dry slopes along the river. Iter Regnellianum nonum. Flora aequadoriensis.

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
47745263L.B. Holm-Nielsen   1980-04-04
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, Road Malacatos - El Tambo, km 8. Deciduous thorn scrub dominated of Mimosaceae and Ceiba., -4.183 -79.283

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
47728304J.E. Madsen   2000-08-19
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, Parque Recreational de la Universidad Nacional de Loja. Disturbed lower montane rain forest., -4.033 -79.2

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
47728295J.E. Madsen   2000-06-22
Ecuador, Loja, Quilanga, Rd. Quilanga - Cariamanga, km 6-10. Vegetation remnants bordering road in disturbed agricultural landscape., -4.35 -79.4

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Image Associated With the Occurence
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
1929383332J. L. Clark   80442003-05-27
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, Vilcabamba. Cerro Mandango; 3-5 km east of the town Vilcabamba., -4.2633 -79.2228, 1900m

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
1456455834R. M. King & R. Garvey   69291976-01-26
Along the road to Loja, ca 27 kms W of Chinchas

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
1456364720G. Harling & L. Andersson   186991980-04-25
Ecuador. Loja: Road Gonzanama--Catamayo (La Toma), near bridge over Rio Catamayo

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
1456228092R. M. King & R. Garvey   79531979-02-03
Ecuador. Loja: 20 km n of Cariamanga on the road to Gonzanama.

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
1456065916J. L. Clark & S. G. Clark   80442003-05-27
Ecuador, Loja, Gonzanamá, Ecuador. Provincia: Loja. Canton: Loja. Vilcabamba. Cerro Mandango; 3-5 km east of the town Vilcabamba, -4.2633 -79.5228

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
1322356247J. L. Clark & S. G. Clark   80442003-05-27
Ecuador, Loja, Gonzanamá, Vilcabamba. Cerro Mandango; 3-5 km east of the town Vilcabamba., -4.2633 -79.5228

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
1319028467G. P. Lewis   32741997-05-09
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, Yangana to Vilcabamba, km 7.7, -4.28333 -79.2

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
4077752904Reinaldo Espinosa Aguilar   5291946-06-05
Ecuador, Loja, Catamayo, La Toma, -4 -79.35

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
4077752897Reinaldo Espinosa Aguilar   5641946-06-21
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, -4.2167 -79.2333

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
4067892085R. Bussmann;S. Lange   28681997-12-12
Ecuador, Loja, Sozoranga, Bosque El Tundo cerca de Sozoranga, -4.333333 -79.816667

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
4067663696Steven Daniel   2023-01-25
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, -4.252272 -79.217086

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
4062199572Robert M. King   6929

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
4464623147Francisco Vivar Castro   40781993-08-01
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, -4.1569 -79.1589

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
4464622533Cumanda Balcazar   562007-02-15
Ecuador, Loja, Paltas, -3.9801 -79.7061

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
4464620858Alexandra Jiménez   12002-05-18
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, -4.2511 -79.1908

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena laevigata R.M. King & H. Rob.
4464619849Francisco Vivar Castro   15521982-05-26
Ecuador, Loja, Gonzanamá, -4.125 -79.5358

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena leptocephala R.M. King & H. Rob.
1096801027Seeman   6531987-08-00
Ecuador, Loja

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena leptocephala R.M. King & H. Rob.
1096666978Erik Asplund   179361955-10-04
Prov. Loja, Loja, shrubby ground S of the town. Slender shrub hardly 1 m high, involucral scales greenish or greyish to red, corolla reddish violet, styles pale violet. Iter Regnellianum sextum. Flora aequatoriensis.

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena leptocephala R.M. King & H. Rob.
4077753657Reinaldo Espinosa Aguilar   15601947-07-03
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, -4.0378 -79.1822

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena leptocephala R.M. King & H. Rob.
4077753523Reinaldo Espinosa Aguilar   15601947-07-03
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, -4.0378 -79.1822

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena leptocephala R.M. King & H. Rob.
4464623790Verónica M. Rivas S.   1222007-08-06
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, -4.0164 -79.2463

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena leptocephala R.M. King & H. Rob.
4464623088Francisco Vivar Castro   40951993-08-14
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, -4.1569 -79.1589

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena leptocephala R.M. King & H. Rob.
4464621422Verónica M. Rivas S.   312007-09-10
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, -4.0358 -79.1969

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena odorata R.M. King & H. Rob.
1096667007Benkt Sparre   161551967-05-14
Prov. Loja: Rio Comunidades, between Vilcabamba and Yangana, dry slopes along the river. Iter Regnellianum nonum. Flora aequadoriensis.

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena odorata R.M. King & H. Rob.
47728371J.E. Madsen   2001-05-11
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, Vicinity of Comunidades, app. 14 km S of Vilcabamba. Vertical cliffs with xerophytic vegetation close to river. Also secondary vegetation bordering agricultural fields., -4.316 -79.208

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena odorata R.M. King & H. Rob.
1456169301G. Harling & L. Andersson   135421974-04-15
Ecuador. Loja: Vilcabamba - Yangana, dry mountain savannah or scrub

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena odorata R.M. King & H. Rob.
1456130153G. Harling & L. Andersson   136031974-04-15
Vilcabamba - Yangana

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena odorata R.M. King & H. Rob.
1456023871F. Prieto   Ap-401944-07-06
Ecuador. Prov. Loja: Upper Malacatos valley, about 15-20 km. south of Loja

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena odorata R.M. King & H. Rob.
4464627346Dalton Quizhpe   140462014-04-02
Ecuador, Loja, Macará, -4.440167 -79.813722

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena roseorum R.M. King & H. Rob.
1260114268Benkt Sparre   161681967-05-15
Ecuador, Loja, Gonzanamá, El Arenal, +/- 4 km W Gonzanama on road to Cariamanga, quebrada vegetation., -4.25 -79.48333

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena roseorum R.M. King & H. Rob.
1096667017Benkt Sparre   161681967-05-15
Prov. Loja: El Arenal, ± 4 km W Gonzanama on road to Cariamanga, quebrada vegetation. Iter Regnellianum nonum. Flora aequadoriensis.

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena roseorum R.M. King & H. Rob.
47745008J.E. Madsen   1981-11-26
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, W of Vilcabamba. Slope with Acacia trees, 3-4 m tall., -4.283 -79.216

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena roseorum R.M. King & H. Rob.
1456130562J. Madsen & et al.   367331981-11-26
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, W. of Vilcabamba, Slope with Acacia tress, -4.28 -79.22

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena roseorum R.M. King & H. Rob.
4400108420aliciacerchiai   2006-05-20
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, -4.25846 -79.216698

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena roseorum R.M. King & H. Rob.
4399899928Nelson Espinosa-Ortega   2023-08-11
Ecuador, Loja, Paltas, -3.850458 -79.811912

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena roseorum R.M. King & H. Rob.
4077759941Francisco Vivar Castro   33581989-05-10
Ecuador, Loja, Paltas, -4 -79.5403

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena roseorum R.M. King & H. Rob.
4077759940Francisco Vivar Castro   33971989-05-12
Ecuador, Loja, Paltas, -4.066667 -79.7667

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena roseorum R.M. King & H. Rob.
4077752805Reinaldo Espinosa Aguilar   5751946-06-21
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, -4.2167 -79.2333

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena roseorum R.M. King & H. Rob.
4067897461F. Tinitana;O. Cabrera, N. Cumbicus & A. Prina   572011-03-16
Ecuador, Loja, Catamayo, Estación 2, Alamala-Catamayo, -3.9675 -79.428056

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena roseorum R.M. King & H. Rob.
4067890977A. Prina;F. Tinitana, O. Cabrera & N. Cumbicus   3422011-12-16
Ecuador, Loja, Gonzanamá, A 2.5 km del cruce a San Vicente del Rio, -4.098987 -79.547882

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena roseorum R.M. King & H. Rob.
4464623144Francisco Vivar Castro   40791993-08-01
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, -4.1569 -79.1589

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena roseorum R.M. King & H. Rob.
4464621927Alexandra Jiménez   422002-06-05
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, -4.2336 -79.2131

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena roseorum R.M. King & H. Rob.
4464621694Tobias Bustamante Neira   212009-05-05
Ecuador, Loja, Macará, -4.2162 -79.8937

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena roseorum R.M. King & H. Rob.
4464619762Reinaldo Espinosa Aguilar   15971947-07-11
Ecuador, Loja, Catamayo, -3.9381 -79.4103

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena serratuloides R.M. King & H. Rob.
1261281955Robert M. King;Frank Almeda   7901

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena serratuloides R.M. King & H. Rob.
1260708557Robert M. King;Robert M. Garvey   69281976-01-26
Ecuador, Loja, Catamayo, Along the road to Loja, ca 16 kms W of Catamayo., -3.99166 -79.45

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Image Associated With the Occurence
Chromolaena serratuloides R.M. King & H. Rob.
47728352J.E. Madsen   2001-03-09
Ecuador, Loja, Loja, Vicinity of San Pedro de la Bendita. Dry slopes dominated by cacti., -3.85 -79.45

Gbif:Plantae Gbif
Chromolaena serratuloides R.M. King & H. Rob.
47728323J.E. Madsen   2000-09-20
Ecuador, Loja, Macará, Linderos. Border of dried-up stream., -4.268 -80.135


12
Page 1, records 1-100 of 112


Map

The maps feature provides users an interactive map that can pan (by dragging the mouse) and zoom (by using the mouse wheel). Collection points are displayed as colored markers that when clicked on, displays the full information for that collection. When multiple species are queried (separated by semi-colons), different colored markers denote each individual species.

KML

This creates an KML file for use in Google Earth or any other application using KML files.
Add Extra Fields